Donor-cell-derived Myelodysplastic Syndrome Involving U2af1 Mutation Developing 8 Years after Matched Unrelated Bone Marrow Transplantation for Acute Leukemia and Literature Review

We report the case of a man with acute erythroleukemia (AML-M6), who developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) involving U2AF1 mutation 8 years after HLA-matched unrelated bone marrow transplantation. It’s donor cell origin which proved by molecular analysis using Short Tandem Repeat (STR) sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first case that usage of demethylation drug in DCL patient. The recurrence of leukemia is mainly receptor-cell-derived leukemia after Allo-HSCT, and the incidence of DCL was proved to be extremely low by means of cytogenetic, molecular biology, or both. There are only a few sporadic reports at home and abroad, in this paper we report the case of a donor-cell-derived myelodysplastic syndrome involving U2AF1 mutation developing 8 years after matched unrelated bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia and review of the literature.